Evaluation of Primary School Students’ Internet Addiction in Line with Parents’ Opinions

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18059435

Keywords:

Internet addiction, parental supervision, child and adolescent health

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the relationships between the internet addiction status of primary school students and the parental characteristics that affect it. In the study, which was conducted based on a relational survey model, data were collected from the parents of 150 students in the 4th grade of a public school. The data collected through the Parent-Child Internet Addiction Scale and personal information form were transformed into findings using nonparametric statistical analysis methods. The findings were obtained; firstly, it was shown that there were no internet-addicted children in the group. Limited symptoms were detected in approximately 5% of the children. In addition, it was concluded that there was a significant relationship between children's internet addiction levels and parents' behaviors of directing their children to social activities, setting rules, and supervising their children's internet use. On the other hand, the relationship between the general education level of the parents, their level of education about internet addiction, and their role model behaviors about technology and internet use, and their children's internet addiction levels could not be established.

References

Ahmadian, M., Namnabati, M., & Joonbakhsh, F. (2022). Investigation of correlation between internet addiction and parent-child relationship in girls’ adolescence in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 11(1), 340. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_1504_21

Aközlü, Z., Kolukısa, T., Öztürk Şahin, Ö., & Topan, A. (2021). Internet addiction and stressors causing internet addiction in primary school children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A descriptive and cross-sectional study from Turkey. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 8(1), 65-72. https://doi.org/10.5152/ADDICTA.2021.21032

Arnas, Y. A. (2005). 3-18 yaş grubu çocuk ve gençlerin interaktif iletişim araçlarını kullanma alışkanlıklarının değerlendirilmesi. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(4), 59–66.

Badri, M., Alnuaimi, A., Rashedi, A., Yang, G., & Temsah, K. (2016). School children’s use of digital devices, social media, and parental knowledge and involvement – The case of Abu Dhabi. Education and Information Technologies, 22, 2645-2664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-016-9557-y

Balcı, Ş., & Gülnar, B. (2009). Üniversite öğrencileri arasında internet bağımlılığı ve internet bağımlılarının profili. Selçuk Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Akademik Dergisi, 6(1), 5-22.

Baykan, N. (2015). Anne-baba tutumları ile internet bağımlılık düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Sultanbeyli ilçesi örneği). (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Yeditepe Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

Bozkurt, H., Şahin, S., & Zoroğlu, S. (2016). İnternet bağımlılığı: güncel bir gözden geçirme. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.16899/ctd.66303

Byun, S., Ruffini, C., Mills, J. E., Douglas, A. C., NiangI, M., Stepchenkova, S., Lee, S. K., Loutfi, J., Lee, J. K., Atallah, M., & Blanton, M. (2009). Internet addiction: Metasynthesis of 1996-2006 quantitative research. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 12(2), 203-207.

Chng, G. S., Li, D., Liau, A. K., & Khoo, A. (2015). Moderating effects of the family environment for parental mediation and pathological internet use in youths. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(1), 30–36. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0368

Chou, C., Condron, L., & Belland, J. C. (2005). A review of the research on internet addiction. Educational Psychology Review, 17, 363-388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10648-005-8138-1

Çevik, U.P.B., & Çelikkaleli, Ö. (2010). Ergenlerin arkadaş bağlılığı ve internet bağımlılığının cinsiyet, ebeveyn tutumu ve anne-baba eğitim düzeylerine göre incelenmesi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 19(3), 225-240.

Demir, İ., Yıldız, C. S., Özzorlu, E., Tuba, K. Ö. S. E., & Yelkenci, Y. (2017). Ergenlerin problemli internet kullanımında anne-baba izlemesinin rolü. Yaşam Becerileri Psikoloji Dergisi, 1(2), 103-114. https://doi.org/10.31461/ybpd.339074

Demir, Y., & Kutlu, A. I. (2018). Relationships among internet addiction, academic motivation, academic procrastination, and school attachment in adolescents. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 10(5), 315–332. https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2018.05.020

Eligül, F. (2020). Algılanan ebeveyn tutumlarının internet bağımlılığı ve akademik başarı ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi, Lisansüstü Eğitim Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

Eşgi, N. (2014). Aile-çocuk internet bağımlılık ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 22(2), 807-839.

Fariz, S. & Bulut, S. S. (2019). Lise öğrencilerinde internet bağımlılığının çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(5), 1977-1990. https://doi:10.24106/kefdergi.3198

Fidan, A., Güneş, H., & Karakuş, T. (2021). Investigating the digital parenting behaviors of parents on children’s digital gameplay. Çukurova University Faculty of Education Journal, 50(2), 833-857. https://doi.org/10.14812/cuefd.933215

Gunuc, S., & Dogan, A. (2013). The relationships between Turkish adolescents’ Internet addiction, their perceived social support, and family activities. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2197-2207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.04.011

Gül, I. (2023). Ortaokul öğrencilerinin dijital oyun bağımlılıkları ile ailelerin dijital ebeveynlik farkındalıkları arasındaki ilişkinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Trakya Eğitim Dergisi, 13(3), 2032-2071. https://doi.org/10.24315/tred.1325214

Gültekin, M., & Aydemir, H. (2021). İlkokul ve Ortaokul Son Sınıf Öğrencilerinin İnternet Bağımlılık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi (Adıyaman İli Örneği). Eğitim ve Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 103-121. https://doi.org/10.51725/etad.875881

Güvenliweb (2024, Eylül 21). Türkiye dijital 2023: Türkiyenin nüfus, internet, sosyal medya, mobil, e-ticaret ve dijital pazarlama göstergeleri. GÜVENLİWEB. https://www.guvenliweb.org.tr/dosya/HQTLP.pdf

Hanımoğlu, E. (2019). Lojistik regresyon analizi ile ilköğretim ikinci kademe öğrencilerinde internet bağımlılığı ve sosyal beceri düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(2), 467-474. https://doi:10.24106/kefdergi.2560

Hekim, Ö., Göker, Z., Aydemir, H., Çöp, E., Dinç, G., & Üneri, Ö. (2019). Ergenlerde internet bağımlılığı ve psikopatoloji ile ilişkisi: Kesitsel bir çalışma. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 22(3), 329-337. https://doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2019.80488

Ibrahim, M.F., Ismail, W.S.W., Jaafar, N.R.N., Mokhtaruddin, U.K.M., Ong, H.Y., Bakar, N.H.A., & Sahimi, H.M.S. (2022). Depression and Its Association With Self-Esteem and Lifestyle Factors Among School-Going Adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Front. Psychiatry 13:913067. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.913067

Kalkan, A.N., & Cerit, E. (2023). The relationship between adolescents' problematic internet use and their satisfaction with family life. Pam Med J, 16(2), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1194209

Kaur, N., & Ahmad, Y. (2020). The factor of availability facilities at home and compulsive internet use among primary school students. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 1529(2020), 032075. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1529/3/032075

Kılıç, B.O., Kılıç, S., Gül, E., Konuksever, D., & İlarslan, N. (2022). Retracted: Is the internet usage time or internet use under parenteral supervision related to depressive symptoms in children during the COVID-19 pandemic? https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1825052/v1

Kılıç, M., Avcı, D., & Uzuncakmak, T. (2016). Internet addiction in high school students in Turkey and multivariate analyses of the underlying factors. Journal of Addictions Nursing, 27(1), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAN.0000000000000110

Ko, C., Wang, P., Liu, T., Yen, C., Chen, C., & Yen, J. (2014). Bidirectional associations between family factors and internet addiction among adolescents in a prospective investigation. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 69(4), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12204

Koç, G., Soyocak, A., Ongün, P., Kervancıoğlu, G. (2021). Assessment of Eating Habits and Internet Addiction Levels Based on the Physical Activity Levels in University Students. Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1), 25-32. https://doi.org/10.33631/duzcesbed.732499

Kolcu, M., Çelik, S., Güney, R., & Şendir, M. (2022). İlkokul öğrencilerinin internet kullanım durumlarının ve etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi. Çocuk Dergisi, 22(1), 58-66. https://doi.org/10.26650/jchild.2022.971527

Koshy, M.T. (2018). A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Impact of Internet Usage on the Psychosocial Health and Academic Performance of Adolescents in a Selected School of Delhi, NCR. International Journal of Nursing & Midwifery Research, 5(2), 8-14. https://doi.org/10.24321/2455.9318.201815

Kuss, D. J., Griffiths, M. D., & Binder, J. F. (2013). Internet addiction in students: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 959–966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.024

Kwak, Y., Kim, H., & Ahn, J. (2022). Impact of Internet usage time on mental health in adolescents: using the 14th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey 2018. Plos One, 17(3), e0264948. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264948

Lam, L. (2020). The roles of parent-and-child mental health and parental internet addiction in adolescent internet addiction: Does a parent-and-child gender match matter? Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 533158. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00142

Lee, S., Yoo, S., Son, Y., Kim, S., & Han, D. (2022). Effect of parental perception on the prevalence of adolescent internet gaming disorder during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Investigation, 19(5), 348-355. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0260

Li, S., Wu, Q., Tang, C., Chen, Z., & Liu, L. (2020). Exercise-based interventions for internet addiction: Neurobiological and neuropsychological evidence. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 5227776. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01296

Li, Y., Zhang, X., Lu, F., Zhang, Q., & Wang, Y. (2014). Internet addiction among elementary and middle school students in China: A nationally representative sample study. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(2), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2012.0482

Livingstone, S., & Smith, P. (2014). Annual research review: Harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: The nature, prevalence, and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(6), 635-654. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12197

Livingstone, S., Ólafsson, K., Helsper, E., Lupiáñez-Villanueva, F., Veltri, G., & Folkvord, F. (2017). Maximizing opportunities and minimizing risks for children online: The role of digital skills in emerging parental mediation strategies. Journal of Communication, 67(1), 82-105. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12277

Lwin, M., Miyazaki, A., Stanaland, A., & Lee, E. (2012). Online usage motive and information disclosure for preteen children. Young Consumers, 13(4), 345-356. https://doi.org/10.1108/17473611211282590

Manap, A. (2020). Anne babalarda dijital ebeveynlik farkındalığının incelenmesi. (Doktora Tezi). İnönü Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Malatya.

Manap, A., & Durmuş, E. (2021). Dijital ebeveynlik farkındalığının çeşitli değişkenler, aile içi roller ve çocukta internet bağımlılığı açısından incelenmesi. E-Uluslararası Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 12(1), 141-156. https://doi.org/10.19160/ijer.837749

Mane, S., Salunkhe, S., Batta, M., Agarkhedkar, S., Kumar, G., & Bharaswadkar, D. (2018). Internet addiction in school going adolescents of different socio economic classes in Western India. Pediatric Review International Journal of Pediatric Research, 5(2), 60-65. https://doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2018.i02.04

Marina, M., & Marija, D. (2019). Marina, M., & Marija, D. (2019). Parenting style in the context of the conflict between parental and business roles. International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education, 7(1), 51-61. https://doi.org/10.5937/ijcrsee1901051M

McMillian, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2006). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Pearson Higher Education.

Müller, K. W., Glaesmer, H., Brähler, E., Woelfling, K., & Beutel, M. E. (2014). Prevalence of internet addiction in the general population: Results from a German population-based survey. Behaviour & Information Technology, 33(7), 757-766. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2013.810778

Nathanson, A. I., Sharp, M. L., Aladé, F., Rasmussen, E. E., & Christy, K. (2013). The relation between television exposure and theory of mind among preschoolers. Journal of Communication, 63(6), 1088-1108. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12062

Özaltın, E., Çelikay Söyler, H. ve Günay, E. (2022). Ortaokul Öğrencilerinde Akıllı Telefon Bağımlılığı, Algılanan Anne Baba Tutumu, Sosyal Dışlanma ve Akademik Özyeterlilik. Sosyal, Beşeri ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 5(8): 1093-1109. https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2022.1047

Özceylan, G., Toprak, D., & Doğan, N. (2021). Can Physical Complaints in High School Students be Symptoms of Internet Addiction? Turkish Journal of Family Medicine & Primary Care, 15(1), 154-163. https://doi.org/10.21763/tjfmpc.808995

Idwan, H., Maizi, Z., & Hajriyanti, R. (2022). Socialization of positive Internet use for children. Ajad Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.35870/ajad.v2i2.76

Perim Ketenciler, A., Dedeoğlu Demir, B., Karakaş, S., Yılmaz Yeşilkurt, E., & Örnek, B. (2021). İlköğretim birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin teknoloji kullanım sıklığı ve ebeveyn görüşleri. Sağlık Bilimleri ve Yaşam Dergisi, 5(1), 2-18.

Pons-Salvador, G., Zubieta-Méndez, X., & Frías-Navarro, D. (2022). Parents’ digital competence in guiding and supervising young children's use of the Internet. European Journal of Communication, 37(4), 443-459. https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231211072669

Rahutami, R., Suryantoro, S., & Rohmadi, M. (2019). Traditional games versus digital games: Which is superior?, INCOLWIS 2019, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.29-8-2019.2289124

Ren, W., & Zhu, X. (2022). Parental mediation and adolescents’ internet use: The moderating role of parenting style. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 51, 1483-1496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-022-01600-w

Russell, G., & Russell, A. (1987). Mother-child and father-child relationships in middle childhood. Child Development, 58(6), 1573–1585. https://doi.org/10.2307/1130696

Sağbaş, Ö. F. (2022). İlkokul öğrencilerinin YouTube'u eğitim amaçlı kullanma durumları, ebeveynlerin demografik özellikleri ve internet bağımlılığı arasındaki ilişki. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.

Shin, Y. M. (2017). Smartphone addiction in children and adolescents. In K. S. Young & C. N. de Abreu (Eds.), Internet addiction in children and adolescents: Risk factors, assessment, and treatment (pp. 29-46). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Sığrılı, H. (2022). Liselilerde Patolojik İnternet Kullanımı ve İnternet Bağımlılığı. Humanistic Perspective, 4(2), 433-447. https://doi.org/10.47793/hp.1069820

Siste, K., Hanafi, E., Sen, L. T., Christian, H., Adrian, A., Siswidiani, L. P., … & Suwartono, C. (2020). The Impact of Physical Distancing and Associated Factors Towards Internet Addiction Among Adults in Indonesia During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Web-Based Study. Front. Psychiatry 11:580977. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580977

Sowndarya, T., & Pattar, M. (2018). Pattern of internet addiction among urban and rural school students, Mangaluru, India: A comparative cross-sectional study. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 5(5), 1750-1754. https://doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183005

Su, B., Yu, C., Zhang, W., Su, Q., Zhu, J., & Jiang, Y. (2018). Father-child longitudinal relationship: Parental monitoring and internet gaming disorder in Chinese adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00095

Şenol, Y., Şenol, F., & Yaşar, M. (2023). Digital game addiction of preschool children in the COVID-19 pandemic: Social, emotional development and parental guidance. Current Psychology, 43(1), 839-847. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04323-8

Tan, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, Y., & Li, L. (2016). Exploring associations between problematic internet use, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance among southern Chinese adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(3), 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13030313

Trumello, C., Babore, A., Cofini, M., Baiocco, R., Chirumbolo, A., & Morelli, M. (2021). The buffering role of paternal parenting stress in the relationship between maternal parenting stress and children's problematic behavior. International Journal of Psychology, 56(5), 739-744. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12758

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2024a). Çocuklarda bilişim teknolojileri kullanım araştırması. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Cocuklarda-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2021-41132

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (2024b). Hane halkı bilişim teknolojileri (BT) kullanım araştırması. TÜİK. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Hanehalki-Bilisim-Teknolojileri-(BT)-Kullanim-Arastirmasi-2022-45587

Uncu, Y., Vural, P., Büyükuysal, Ç., Alper, Z., & Kılıç, E.Z. (2014). How Parental Attitudes Affect the Risky Computer and Internet Usage Patterns of Adolescents: A Population-based Study in the Bursa District of Turkey. Central European Journal of Public Health, 22(4), 266-272https://doi.org/10.21101/cejph.a4012

Venkatesh, V., Sykes, T., Chan, F. K., & others. (2019). Children’s internet addiction, family-work conflict, and work outcomes: A study of parent-child dyads. MIS Quarterly, 43(3), 903-927.

Watanabe, E., Lee, J. S., Mori, K., & Kawakubo, K. (2016). Clustering patterns of obesity-related multiple lifestyle behaviors and their associations with overweight and family environments: a cross-sectional study in Japanese preschool children. BMJ Open, 6, e012773. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012773

Wu, C., Wong, H., Yu, K., Fok, K., Yeung, S., Lam, C., … & Liu, K. (2016). Parenting approaches, family functionality, and internet addiction among Hong Kong adolescents. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-016-0666-y

Yang S-Y, Fu S-H, Chen K-L, Hsieh P-L, Lin P-H (2019). Relationships between depression, health‑related behaviors, and internet addiction in female junior college students. PLoS ONE 14(8): e0220784. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220784

Yavuz, C. (2019). Does internet addiction predict happiness for the students of sports high school? International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(1), 91–99. https://doi.org/10.15345/iojes.2019.01.007

Yiğit, E. (2017). Çocukların dijital oyun bağımlılığında ailelerin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Van.

Yiğit, E., & Günüç, S. (2020). Çocukların dijital oyun bağımlılığına göre aile profillerinin belirlenmesi. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17(1), 144-174. https://doi.org/10.33711/yyuefd.691498

Younes, F., Halawi, G., Jabbour, H., Osta, N. E., Karam, L., Hajj, A., … & Khabbaz, L. R. (2016). Internet addiction and relationships with insomnia, anxiety, depression, stress and self-esteem in university students: A Cross-Sectional Designed Study. PLoS ONE 11(9): e0161126. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161126

Young, K. S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 1(3), 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237

Zhou, M., Zhu, W., Sun, X., & Huang, L. (2022). Internet addiction and child physical and mental health: Evidence from a panel dataset in China. Journal of Affective Disorders, 309, 52-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.115

Zorbaz, O., Demirtaş Zorbaz, S., & Ulaş Kılıç, Ö. (2020). Problematic internet use of adolescents: Role of daily hassles and social isolation. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 7(1), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.5152/addicta.2020.190102

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

KAHRAMAN, Z., & ŞİMŞEK, A. (2025). Evaluation of Primary School Students’ Internet Addiction in Line with Parents’ Opinions. Journal of Culture, Society and Communication, 1(2), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18059435

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.